How would you answer an interview scenario involving memoization with useMemo and useCallback in React?

For an interview scenario involving memoization with useMemo and useCallback, I would first clarify the business goal, scale, constraints, and the failure or quality attribute the interviewer wants to explore. useMemo caches a computed value and useCallback caches a function reference until their dependencies change. In this scenario, if a large filtered list is expensive to recompute and only depends on items and a filter, use useMemo for the filtered result after confirming the calculation is a bottleneck. For production, memoize only after identifying a measurable issue or when a stable reference is required by a memoized child, subscription, or dependency-sensitive API. I would then explain the main alternatives and tradeoffs, identify likely failure modes, and describe how I would validate the solution through testing, observability, security controls, and recovery or rollback planning.