How would you answer an interview scenario involving rate limiting and WAF integration in Ingress?

For an interview scenario involving rate limiting and WAF integration, I would first clarify the business goal, scale, constraints, and the failure or quality attribute the interviewer wants to explore. Many ingress platforms can enforce request-rate controls and integrate with web application firewalls at the edge. In this scenario, one client floods an API behind ingress. Explain where global, client-specific, and business-level rate limits belong. For production, use layered controls, trustworthy client identity, sensible thresholds, WAF rules, and observability for blocked traffic. I would then explain the main alternatives and tradeoffs, identify likely failure modes, and describe how I would validate the solution through testing, observability, security controls, and recovery or rollback planning.